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Ítem Hydrochemical characterization of hot springs in Ollachea, Puno, according to Peruvian environmental standards(Frontiers in Water, 2026-07-21) Espinoza Rivas, German Rafael; Zuloaga Candia, Pablo Rubén; Rojas Enriquez, Hesmeralda; Walquer Huacani Calsin; Lozano Cusi, FranklinThe present study aims to characterize the physicochemical, geochemical, and environmental quality of the thermal waters of the Ollachea Municipal Pool, located in the Puno region, Peru, in order to assess their potential for recreational use and to identify possible risks to human health and the environment. The waters exhibit distinctive characteristics, including a temperature of 83.5 °C and a pH of 11.67, classifying them as hyperthermal and highly alkaline. Geochemical analyses indicate that sulfate (SO2−4) is the dominant anion (269 mg/L), accompanied by moderate sodium concentrations (62.8 mg/L), reflecting the influence of local geological conditions, particularly the quartz sandstones of the Sandia Formation and oxidative processes affecting iron-bearing minerals. However, the assessment of trace metals reveals that aluminum (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) exceed the limits established by the Peruvian Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for primary-contact recreational waters. Arsenic reached 0.030 mg/L, exceeding the EQS B1 limit of 0.010 mg/L by approximately three times, while lead reached 0.011 mg/L, slightly exceeding the EQS B1 limit of 0.010 mg/L. These exceedances indicate that the waters are unsuitable for recreational or therapeutic use without prior treatment and continuous monitoring. Comparison with thermal waters from the Callejón de Huaylas highlights notable differences in sulfate and sodium contents, suggesting a distinctive hydrogeochemical signature for the Ollachea system. Additionally, organoleptic properties such as color (58.3 UC), earthy odor, and slightly salty taste support the presence of dissolved mineral and metallic constituents. In conclusion, although the Ollachea thermal waters exhibit significant geothermal potential, continuous monitoring and appropriate treatment are required prior to any recreational or medicinal application. Beyond its local relevance, this study contributes to the understanding of hydrothermal spring systems in data-limited Andean regions, where geogenic trace-metal enrichment, recreational use, and limited monitoring capacity may converge as emerging environmental and public-health challenges.Ítem Mapping the Evolution and Future Directions of ISO/IEC 25010: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 2025-10-06) Rojas Enriquez, Hesmeralda; Renteria Ayquipa, Ronald; Martinez Duran, Virgilio; Tomaylla Gutiérrez, Yuliana; Ibarra Cabrera, Manuel JesusThis study is a bibliometric analysis of 1,613 scientific articles focused on the ISO/IEC 25010, an international standard for software quality evaluation. The data were taken from the Scopus repository, from 1990 to 2025, indicating a consistent rise in the research productivity, reaching its zenith in 2023, providing further evidence of the international significance of ISO/IEC 25010 in areas, such as public administration, finance, education, and healthcare. While subjects of computer science and engineering continue to thrive, interdisciplinary applications are gaining popularity. The thematic mapping, keyword co-occurrence analysis, and publication trends revealed various articles centered around the normative models, user experience, empirical validation, structural design, quality assessment, and predictive modeling. These areas of expertise are founded on concepts, such as the software quality, quality control, and ISO standards, in addition to usability, machine learning, and cloud computing. International collaboration networks show strong connections between Spain, Philippines, and Indonesia. However, despite its flexibility, the standard faces challenges, including structural rigidity and a lack of installation, especially for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The present study emphasizes the necessity for hybrid approaches that integrate ISO/IEC 25010 with agile and AI-driven methodologies.Ítem Evaluación morfométrica del estómago fetal en alpaca (Vicugna pacos)(Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad del Zulia, 2026-03-13) Flores Tintaya, Wilian; Quispe Gutiérrez, Ulises Sandro; Alva Villavicencio, Gizely; Navarrete Zamora, Miluska BeatrizLa crianza de las alpacas (Vicugna pacos) en el Perú, constituye uno de los mayores recursos para la sobrevivencia y seguridad alimentaria de los pobladores altoandinos. La anatomía digestiva de la alpaca aún no está descrita completamente para explicar los procesos fisiológicos y nutricionales. Con el objetivo de describir la estructura del estómago fetal de la alpaca, se utilizaron seis fetos de alpacas Huacaya obtenidos del matadero, distribuyéndose dos fetos (macho y hembra) para cada tercio de gestación. Se realizó la disección de los fetos exponiendo los estómagos, se efectuaron las medidas del largo y ancho de los tres compartimentos (C), además se describieron los surcos y celdillas del C1. Se realizó el análisis de varianza considerando el efecto sexo, edad gestacional, C y sus interacciones, cuya variable de respuesta fue el largo y ancho de los C del estómago. No hubo interacción (P>0,05) para ninguna de las variables de estudio. El largo y ancho de los tres C del estómago fetal fueron similares en machos y hembras (P>0,05). El largo y ancho de los C fueron menores (P≤0,05) en primer tercio de gestación, aumentando las medidas en segundo y último tercio de la gestación. El largo del C3 fue mayor (P≤0,05) que el C1 y C2, mientras el ancho del C1 fue mayor (P≤0,05) que el C2 y C3. En el C1 del saco dorsal, hubo más surcos perpendiculares y celdillas en el último tercio de la gestación. En conclusión, los tamaños de los C del estómago fetal de la alpaca aumentaron conforme avanzó la edad gestacional. Además, en el C1, hubo más surcos perpendiculares y celdillas en el último tercio de la gestación.Ítem A Comparison of Cultivation Techniques NFT-I, FR and Soil: An IoT Monitoring Approach(Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications, 2026-03-13) Ibarra, Manuel J.; Alcarraz, Edgar W.; Tapia, Olivia; Ponce, Yalmar; Calderon Vilca, Hugo D.; Quispe, Carlos R.Hydroponics is an agricultural method where plants grow with water and mineral nutrient solutions. For a good production of vegetables, it is essential to keep within an optimal range the values of the variables that influence growth: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and frequency of irrigation. This article compares three cultivation sub-systems NFT-I, FR and Soil. Additionally, it describes the IoT computing for monitoring the principal variables: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and frequency of irrigation. This prototype allows notifying the farmer about the current status of each variable through Telegram social network and a Web site. The methodology was as follows: start planting the same day in the three sub-systems, controlling the values of the variables obtained by the sensors, and notifying the farmer when the values exceed the established limits, then the weight, the number of leaves, length and width were measured. The results have shown that this system can reduce electricity consumption by 97.9%, furthermore, use green computing approach with solar panel energy supply. Finally, lettuce production was good, and in terms of weight, the number of leaves, length and width, followed the relationship FR > NFT-I > Soil.Ítem Serious Games for Learning: A Quantitative Review of Literature(Serious Games (JCSG 2020), 2026-03-13) Ibarra, Manuel J.; Ibañez, Vladimiro; Frango Silveira, Ismar; Collazos, Cesar A.; Wallner, Günter; Rauterberg, MatthiasThere exists a considerable amount of digital games that are described and published in the scientific literature. Among them, there are those considered as “serious games”, whose foremost goal differs from pure entertainment, being conceived mainly for training, capacity building, and education among other ends. Serious digital games for learning represent an important part of this whole set, and it is relevant to observe the actual state-of-the-art about the research in this field. In this sense, this paper presents a quantitative literature review on previous papers published in peer-reviewed conference proceedings or journals related to digital games for learning.Ítem Proposal of a Water-Quality Index for High Andean Basins: Application to the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru(MDPI, Water, 2026-03-13) Choque Quispe, David; Froehner, Sandro; Palomino Rincón, Henry; Peralta Guevara, Diego E.; Barboza Palomino, Gloria I.; Kari Ferro, Aydeé; Zamalloa Puma, Lourdes Magaly; Mojo Quisani, Antonieta; Barboza Palomino, Edward E.; Choque Quispe, YudithThe water from the high Andean rivers is peculiar due to its composition and the geomorphology of its sources, and naturally or anthropogenically contamination is not discarded along its course. This water is used for agriculture and human consumption, therefore knowing its quality is important. This research aimed to proposing and formulate a water-quality index for high Andean basins through the Delphi method, and its application in the Chumbao River located in Andahuaylas-Peru. Forty-three water-quality parameters were evaluated through the Delphi method, and the water-quality index (WQIHA) was formulated with a weighted average of the weights of the selected parameters, it was compared with the WQI Dinius. For this purpose, ten sampling points were considered along the Chumbao River located between 4274 and 2572 m of altitude and the WQIHA was applied. In addition, field and laboratory analyses were carried out in 2018, 2019, and 2021, in dry and rainy seasons. Twenty parameters were grouped in the physicochemical sub-index (SIPC), heavy metals sub-index (SIHM), and organic matter sub-index (SIOM). Each group contributed with weights of 0.30, 0.30, and 0.40, respectively, for the WQIHA formulation. The SIPC and SIOM showed that the areas near the head of the basin presented excellent and good quality, while the urbanized areas were qualified as marginal to poor; SIHM reported good quality in all points and seasons. Regarding the WQIHA, the index shows good quality in the zones above 3184 m of altitude, contrasting with poor quality downstream, decreasing notably in both seasons, suggesting continuous degradation of the water body.Ítem Contenido de energía metabolizable y energía neta del maíz, subproducto de trigo, harina de soya, harina de pescado y aceite de soya para pollos de carne(Scientia agropecuaria, 2026-03-13) Moscoso Muñoz, JuanSe realizó un estudio para determinar la energía metabolizable (EM) y energía neta (EN) del maíz, subproducto de trigo, harina de soya, harina de pescado y aceite de soya en aves. Se utilizó 190 pollos machos, distribuidos en seis dietas experimentales (basal (B), B + maíz (40%), B + subproducto de trigo (40%), B + harina de soya (30%), B + harina de pescado (30%), B + aceite de soya (10%) con tres niveles de alimentación (ad libitum (AL), 85% AL y 70% AL). La EM se determinó por el método de colección total de excretas y la EN por el método de sacrificio comparativo, los pollos recibieron las dietas experimentales de los siete a 21 días de edad, las excretas se recolectaron cada 24 horas (día 19 al 21). Para EN, se determinó la energía retenida y producción de calor (7 y 21 días). La EM y EN del maíz, subproducto de trigo, harina de soya, harina de pescado y aceite de soya fue de 3734, 2197, 2477, 3289, 8767 kcal/kg MS y 2527, 1598, 1417, 1837, 7550 kcal/kg MS respectivamente, la relación EN:EM fue mayor con el aceite de soya en comparación a los otros insumos.Ítem Assessment of Prickly Pear Peel Mucilage and Potato Husk Starch for Edible Films Production for Food Packaging Industries(Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2026-03-13) Ayquipa Cuellar, Erica; Salcedo Sucasaca, Lourdes; Azamar Barrios, José Antonio; Chaquilla-Quilca, GuadalupePurpose Agro-industrial waste, being biodegradable and environmentally-benign, is a sustainable resource for edible film production. Edible films were fabricated from by-products, prickly pear peel mucilage (PPM) and potato husk starch (PHS), and characterised for their physical–chemical properties. Methods Various films were prepared by varying the PPM, PHS and glycerine (plasticiser) while maintaining a constant amount of vinegar (acidifying agent). Results Results showed that the formulation composition influenced the properties of the films. High concentrations of PPM and glycerine led to films with higher thickness, opacity, moisture and water retention capacity (WRC), and the percentage of water solubility (% WS) was influenced by the PHS content. All edible films presented very low water permeability (WP), and thereby good barrier properties. The WS, WRC and WP were closely associated with the PPM and glycerine contents. Consequently, the FTIR and SEM analyses showed similarities between the spectra and images. Conclusion The preparation of edible films from agro-industrial wastes, along with their specific application in food packaging, especially for fresh fruits and vegetables, contributes to sustainable alternatives due to the recovery and reuse of the processing residues.Ítem Nutritional, physical and sensory characteristics of bread with the inclusion of germinated basul (Erythrina edulis) flour(Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2026-03-13) Vilcanqui Pérez, Fulgencio; Chaquilla Quilca, Guadalupe; Sarmiento Casavilca, Víctor Hugo; Céspedes Orosco, Candy Naya; Ventura Saldivar, YeniThe goal was to assess the effect of different substitution levels (SL) of wheat flour with germinated basul flour (GBF) on nutritional, physical, and sensory characteristics of bread. The previously soaked basul fruits were germinated, dried, and transformed into flour. This product substituted wheat flour in the following SL: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20% of GBF, respectively, for the processing of loaves of bread. Nutritional values were determined by AOAC method. The physical characteristics assessed were weight, volume, porosity, and colour. The Flash Profile technique was used for the sensory assessment. A significant increase in the content of protein and crude fibre (3.86 and 50.49%, respectively) and a decrease in the content of carbohydrates (2.57%) were observed in all loaves with SL of 20%. With this same SL, it was observed that the physical characteristics did not differ significantly, except for height. In the sensory characteristics, loaves made with 20% SL also had a sweet flavour and a spongy appearance, except for the colour (change to opaque colour), which gradually decreased with the increased SL. The inclusion of GBF in bread improved nutritional and sensory quality, without affecting physical quality, which is why it can be considered healthy food.Ítem Preliminary Characterization of a Spray-Dried Hydrocolloid from a High Andean Algae (Nostoc sphaericum)(Advancing Open Science, 2026-03-13) Choque Quispe, David; Mojo Quisani, Antonieta; Ligarda Samanez, Carlos A.; Calla Florez, Miriam; Ramos Pacheco, Betsy S.; Zamalloa Puma, Lourdes Magaly; Peralta Guevara, Diego E.; Solano Reynoso, Aydeé M.; Choque Quispe, Yudith; Kari Ferro, AydeéThe search for new natural sources of hydrocolloids with stabilizing, thickening, and good binding capacity, from raw materials that are environmentally friendly and that contribute to the circular economy is a challenge for the food industry. The aim of the study was the preliminary characterization of a spray-dried hydrocolloid from high Andean algae Nostoc sphaericum. Four ecotypes of algae from Peruvian high Andean lagoons located above 4000 m were considered. The samples were collected in the period March–April 2021 and were subjected to a spray drying process in an aqueous medium. The characterization showed that the dehydrated nostoc ecotypes presented high protein and carbohydrate content, making it a potential material for direct use as a functional food for humans. The spray-dried product presented good stability for its use as a hydrocolloid, with zeta potential values (ζ), around 30 mV, evidencing the presence of -CO-, -OH, -COO-, and -CH groups, characteristic of polysaccharides, representing 40% of total organic carbon on average, giving it low water activity values and particle size at the nanometric level. Major minerals such as Ca (>277 mg/100 g), Mg (>19.7 mg/100 g), and Fe (>7.7 mg/100 g) were reported. Spray-dried nostoc is a hydrocolloid material with high potential for the food industry, with good nutritional content and techno-functional behavior.
